The Roman testudo—“tortoise”—was one of the most famous formations in ancient warfare, and it worked because it turned many individuals into a single moving shield. In a standard testudo, soldiers packed tightly together so their large rectangular scuta overlapped. The front rank held shields forward like a wall. The ranks behind lifted theirs overhead to form a roof. The men on the flanks angled shields outward to protect the sides. Done correctly, the formation reduced the danger from arrows,
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827K views · 5.8K reactions | When Roman legions advanced, they became a fortress on legs. Their iconic testudo, or “tortoise,” locked every shield into place until the army moved as one armored beast. Arrows rained down harmlessly, stones shattered above, yet the formation pushed forward without breaking. It wasn’t just shields that made it unbreakable—it was discipline, unity, and the terrifying precision of Rome’s war machine. | The War Room | Facebook
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